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In an epistemology course, we learned that it is uncontroversially accepted that truth is a requirement for knowledge. If someone claims to know something, but his claim is false, then he doesn't really know it. My concern is that the condition for truth can easily establish omniscience as a standard of knowledge. There may be some ideas which we now hold to be true, but we may later discover that they are not true. The Copernican Revolution being a great example. It might have been, at one time, justified to believe that "the heavens" revolved around the earth, but now that we know that that idea is false, was it ever knowledge to begin with? This distinction, in class, was described as "real knowledge" (reflecting facts as they really are) versus "apparent knowledge" (reflecting facts as we believe they are, but in reality are not.) The determining factor being objective truth. This seems, however, to be impossible to determine without an omniscient being to consult. After researching through Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology and the Ayn Rand Lexicon, I found a line in which Dr. Peikoff says: "Knowledge is contextual." And another from Ayn Rand: "'Knowledge' is . . . a mental grasp of a fact(s) of reality, reached either by perceptual observation or by a process of reason based on perceptual observation." Does this mean that truth is not an essential condition for knowledge? And if it is not a necessary condition, is some sort of rational justification (like perceptual observation) sufficient to claim knowledge? |
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You can't know something which is false. You can believe it, mistakenly. Before the Copernican revolution, it was known that the "heavens" appear to revolve around the earth. It was not known that the earth actually was spinning and revolving around the sun. It was believed that the earth was stationary and the "heavens" revolved around it. It was not known that this belief was, in fact, false, and therefore not knowledge. How do we tell the difference between false belief and true knowledge? By omniscience? No. Just by additional observation. |